flemington forest garden design

A low maintenance community food forest in the heart of the city

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It all began as an off-hand comment at the Flemington Food Swap, “wouldn’t it be great if we could transform that patch of grass and fruit trees into a food forest” – a week later it was happening. I couldn’t believe my luck, knowing it had taken the Moreland Food Forest group 2 years to convince their council, a week seemed beyond belief. Thank you Pat from MINTI and My Smart Garden for working your magic!

Of course it all made sense (but sense isn’t always what drives the powers that be), the stoic little bunch of fruit trees at the Farnham Street Park were struggling against encroaching grass and the perfunctory whipper-snipping of indolent contractors that left the trunks scarred and almost ring-barked. These same trees would flourish without the competition of grass and with a living green mulch of understorey plants. What’s more, the amount of grass the council would have to cut would be reduced to a simple boundary edge with no trunks or awkward fences to navigate. A win win in all directions, not to mention a beautiful low maintenance garden that would not only provide a sanctuary for birds and beneficial insects, but a great space for the community to learn about different perennial crops, preserving, pruning and planting.

My plan is to start small, but make it beautiful as well as productive.

Flowers as well as fruit, a secret pathway for the kids to run amongst the trees with little clearings where they might find a bench repurposed from a pallet for tea parties, or sculptures made by local artists. And maybe, just maybe when people see how lovely a perennial food garden can be they might start popping up everywhere.

Like us on Facebook for more updates. See plant suggestions below paired with a microclimate plan.

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Drought tolerant/ Well drained

* Shade tolerant

Chives*
Common sage
Currant*
Elderberry*
French Sorrel*
Garlic chives*
Golden marjoram
Greek oregano
Horseradish
Jojoba
Lavender (English)
Lawn thyme
Lemon Thyme
Lemon verbena
Nasturtium
Nodding saltbush*
Orange Daylily*
Purple sage
Rosemary
Running postman*
Sweet alyssum*
Tagasaste
Tansy
The King White or Shahtoot Mulberry
Thyme
Yarrow

Allium schoenoprasum
Salvia officinalis
Ribes spp.
Sambucus nigra
Rumex scutatus
Allium tuberosum
Origanum vulgare ‘Aureum’
Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum
Armoracia rusticana
Simmondsia chinensis
Lavandula angustifolia
Thymus serpyllum
Thymus x citriodorus
Aloysia triphylla
Tropaeolum minus
Chenopodium nutans
Hemerocallis fulva
Salvia officinalis ‘Purpurescens’
Rosmarinus officinalis
Kennedia prostrata
Lobularia maritima
Cytisus proliferus
Tanacetum vulgare
Morus macroura
Thymus vulgaris
Achillea millefolium

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Seasonal Watering

Almond
Alpine strawberry
Babaco*
Borage
Clover
Comfrey
Globe artichoke
Goji berry
Hyssop
Jerusalem artichoke
Lemon balm
Lemongrass*
Passionfruit
Pineapple sage*
Raspberry
Red-veined Dock/Sorrel
River mint*
Roman/lawn chamomile
Tamarillo
Vietnamese mint
Yacon
Yam Daisy*

Prunus dulcis
Fragaria vesca
Carica pentagona
Borago officinalis
Trifolium spp.
Symphytum officinale
Cynara scolymus
Lycium barbarum
Hyssopus officinalis
Helianthus tuberosus
Melissa officinalis
Cymbopogon citratus
Passiflora edulis
Salvia elegans 
Rubus spp.
Rumex sanguineus
Mentha australis
Chamaemelum nobile
Solanum betaceum
Persicaria odorata
Polymnia sonchifolia
Microseris spp.

Moisture loving

Galangal (Thai Ginger)*
Kiwi berry*
Malabar Spinach / red

Alpinia galangal
Actinidia arguta
Basella alba / rubra

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PASCOE VALE PERMABLITZ

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I never fail to be impressed by how many beautiful people show up to lend a hand, for a stranger, for free!

The first hot day of Spring saw us spades in hand under the baking sun. Sunscreen formed a second skin and my main facilitating job took the form of hydration police, although yelling “I don’t want any fainters!” seemed to elicit giggles rather than a rush to icy drinks.

With the imminent arrival of a crew of 50, facilitators became team leaders with 10 bodies a piece. The metres of mulch pit path ahead of us would allow no time for a casual 50+ intro circle no matter how interesting their “favourite tree” or “how many blitzes they attended”. Facilitators Nikki, Carly and Jess got down to the the important business of stretches and back friendly spade technique; I marked out the paths.

Head facilitator roughly translates to cheer squad captain and I planned to have a hoarse voice by the end of the day, we wanted spirits to remain high, as why would you sign up for hours of labouring if there wasn’t some fun involved? The kids sure had a blast with Fuchsia making amazing birdscares including a pretty fancy scarecrow. And I like to believe lots of new friends were made, and people bonded over being “team grey water mulch pit” and “stinky decomposing cacti area” (some people are born heroes!).

After a lovely lunch, a more relaxing afternoon was spent planting out the mandala intensive garden beds and listening to Nikki do a workshop on fruit tree planting, which to her surprise (and no one else’s) had rave reviews. It’s always great when people share their knowledge, what is second nature to some is not always the case for others and people really love to take something new home with them after a long day. Team Dylan chook strawyard looked pretty pleased with themselves and their were lots of lingers way after the official day’s end, always a great sign!

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Photo credit: Kellie Gollings @ https://www.facebook.com/KellieGollingsPhotography & TheDesertEcho.

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Photo credit: Kellie Gollings @ https://www.facebook.com/KellieGollingsPhotography & TheDesertEcho.

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FOOD FOREST GARDENS PLANTING GUIDE

Here is where you’ll find a constantly updating list of Warm Temperate Food Forest Plants. I will add links to detailed descriptions of each as I post them including the most resilient of the lot as observed from our own food forest garden and those we have designed. It’s exciting to see some subtropical plants not only surviving but thriving in this climate if you choose the right microclimate (e.g. against a brick wall or mulch pit with grey water)

The realisation dawned with an artichoke flower bud, this gourmet delight that had not only survived but multiplied under my utter neglect. It had been a dizzying summer in our new garden started too late to harness the mild flush of spring.

Our annuals had struggled under baking sun and then a dreary winter had snuffed out hope of even mild self-sufficiency until the following spring, 3pm the dreaded time that the flats next door snuffed out our sun each day. A year later our annual beds bloomed and tomatoes swayed seductively, it looked great and tasted better but it had been a slog against sun, wind and snail.

We finally turned our attention to our little attempt at a food forest, planted and then forgotten for almost a year. But to our surprise and delight it was not a tangle of weeds or barren earth that the annual bed seems to revert to when your trowel wavers for a moment, the opposite: parsley gone mad, banana plants soaring skyward, almond blossoming, Babaco at almost 45 degrees under its weight of fruit (despite being in full shade all winter) and green manure leaving soil moist and soft. Of course with a little more intervention it could have been more productive, but it had reached a state of balance on its own that meant I didn’t have to fret if I went on holidays, or empty a water tank to quench its thirst. Although a far cry from a true forest, our little “low maintenance” perennial garden was working.

From that moment I changed my design strategy: easy, low maintenance, productive and beautiful… a Food Forest Garden.

Now we have an exciting project on the horizon, a Forest Garden for the Flemington Community Garden. Stay tuned for more!

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7 Layers of a Temperate Forest Garden

The 7 layer classification system was developed by Robert Hart from Prehistoric tropical garden methods in the 60s for more temperate climates. It provides a structure similar to that of a real forest that can be adapted from a large scale farm to that of a modest backyard. The architecture of a successful food forest considers not only light requirements of the plants, but water, shelter, root depths and other companion planting principles.

1. Canopy Layer

9m+ high nut, fruit and nitrogen fixing trees (Only larger FFGs)

2. Low-tree Layer

4m high, Dwarf Fruit / Nut Trees
Nitrogen Fixers & smaller trees
Shade tolerant trees
Pruned into open form for light

3. Shrub Layer

Woody perennial plants
Flowering, fruiting, wildlife attracting

4. Herbacious Layer

Perennial vegetables
Self seeding annuals
Bee & poultry forage
Mulch & soil builders, cover crops

5. Groundcover Layer

Less than 30cm high
Low, prostrate, creeping plants
Forms a living mulch – retain, suppress weed growth

6. Rhizosphere (Root) Layer

Edible roots & tubers
Shallow rooted, easy to dig
Longer rooted left to flower for beneficial insects

7. Vertical Layer

Climbers, creepers, vines
Twine around trunks or up fences, trellises, etc.
Habitat and food
Only in established Forest Garden, can strangle young trees

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1. Canopy Layer

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Alder Alnus
American Persimmon Diospyros virginiana
Apple Malus sylvestris
Arazole / Mediterranean Medlar Crataegus azarolus
Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia
Carob Ceratonia siliqua
Cherry Prunus avium
Chestnut Castanea dentata
Chinese Chestnut Castanea mollissima
Cornelian cherries Cornus mas
European Plum (Myrobalan) Prunus domestica
Hawthorn Crataegus spp.
Highbush cranberries Viburnum trilobum
Honey locusts Gleditsia triacanthos
Japanese Walnut (Heartnut) Juglans ailantifolia
Korean Stone Pine Pinus koraiensis
Northern Pecan Carya illinoinensis
Pear Pyrus communis
Siberian Pea Tree Caragana arborescens
Stone pine Pinus pinea
Tagasaste/ tree Lucerne Cytisus proliferus
Walnut Juglans
Hawthorns Crataegus monogyna
Medlar Mespilus germanica
Mulberry Morus spp.
Quince Cydonia oblonga

2. Low-Tree Layer

Almond dwarf Prunus dulcis
Apple Dwarf Malus domestica
Apricot Prunus armeniaca
Australian Round Lime Citrus australis
Banana (Lady Finger) Musa acuminata
Beech Fagus sylvatica
Cherry Dwarf Prunus avium
Citrus Dwarf Citrus spp.
Crab Apple Malus sp.
Date-plum Diospyros lotus
Dogwood Cornus
Elderberry Sambucus nigra
Japanese peppers Zanthoxylum spp.
Fruit Salad Plant Monstera deliciosa
Nectarine Prunus persica v. nectarina
Olive Olea europaea
Pawpaw, Papaya Carica papaya
Peach Dwarf Prunus persica
Pear Dwarf Pyrus communis
Persimmon Dwarf Diospyros spp.
Plum Dwarf Prunus domestica
Service Tree Sorbus domestica
Tamarillo, Tree Tomato Cyphomandra betacea
Tree mugwort Artemisia arborescens
Bamboo ‘Gracilis’ Bambusa textilis ‘Gracilis’
Serviceberry Amelanchier spp.
Silverberry Elaeagnus
Acacia/Wattles Acacia spp.

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3. Shrub Layer

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Acacia/Wattle Acacia spp.
Austral Indigo Indigofera australis
Blackberry Rubus fruticosus
Blueberry Vaccinium spp.
Cape Gooseberry Physalis peruviana
Currants Ribes spp
Curry Plant Helichrysum italicum
Edible Savlias Salvia spp.
Goji berries Lycium barbarum
Gooseberry Ribes Uva-crispa
Guavas Myrtus spp.
Jostaberry Ribes x culverwellii
Large Kangaroo Apple Solanum laciniatum
lavender lavandula angustifolia
Lemon Verbena Aloysia triphylla
Mountain Marigold Tagetes lemmonii
Nodding Saltbush Einadia wutans
Perennial Basil Ocimum gratissimum
Perennial Chilli, Rocoto Chilli Capsicum pubescens
Raspberry Rubus spp.
River Mint Mentha australis
Rose Rosa
Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis
Scented Geraniums Pelargonium graveolens
Southernwood Artemisia abrotanum
Tomatillo Physalis philadelphica
Wormwood Artemisia absinthium

4. Herbacious Layer

Asparagus Asparagus officinalis
Balm Melissa officinalis
Borage Borago officinalis
Broad bean Vicia faba
Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Calendula Calendula officinalis
Comfrey, Knitbone Symphytum officinale
Dill Anethum graveolens
Fennel Foeniculum vulgare
French Sorrel Rumex scutatus
Garden Mint Mentha sachalinensis
Garlic Chives Allium tuberosum
Globe Artichoke Cynara scolymus
Hyssop Cynara cardunculus
Lemongrass Cymbopogon spp
Lovage Levisticum officinale
Marigold Tagetes
Mint Mentha spp.
Oregano Origanum vulgare
Parsley Petroselinum spp.
Pepino, Pepino Dulce, Melon Pear Solanum muricatum
Perpetual/Perennial Spinach Beta vulgaris var. cicla
Phacelia Phacelia Tanacetifolia
Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum
Sorrel Rumex acetosa
Stevia Stevia rebaudiana
Tansy Tanacetum vulgare
Yarrow Achillea millefolium

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5. Groundcover Layer

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Alpine Strawberries Fragaria x vesca
Sweet Alyssum Lobularia maritima
Basil Thyme Acinos arvensi
Black Cumin Nigella Sativa
Clover Trifolium
Coral Pea Hardenbergia violacea
Corsican Mint Mentha requienii
Cranberry Vaccinium Oxycoccus spp.
Creeping Oregon Grape Mahonia aquifolium
Creeping Snowberry Gaultheria hispidula
Creeping Thyme Thymus serpyllum
Fat hen Chenopodium album
Ground Elder Aegopodium podagraria
Kamchatka Bilberry Vaccinium praestans
Lingonberries Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Lowbush Blueberries Vaccinium angustifolium
Marshmallow Althaea officinalis
Miner’s Lettuce Claytonia perfoliata
Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus
Pigface Carpobrotus modestus
Prostrate Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Prostratus’ or ‘Huntington Carpet’
Roman Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile
Running Postman Kennedia spp.
Sweet Violets Viola odorata
Vervain Verbena officinali
Warrigal Greens Tetragonia tetragonoides
Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens

6. Rhizosphere Layer

Arrowroot Maranta arundinacea
Beetroot Beta vulgaris
Carrot Daucus carota sativus
Cassava (Tapioca) Manihot esculenta
Chicory Cichorium intybus
Chives Allium schoenoprasum
Daikon Raphanus sativus L.
Daylilly Hemerocallis fulva
Echinacea Echinacea angustifolia
Garlic Allium sativum
Ginger Zingiber officinale
Ginseng Panax spp.
Groundnut Apios americana
Horseradish Armoracia rusticana
Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosum
Liquorice Glycyrrhiza spp.
Native ginger Hornstedtia scottiana
Oca, New Zealand Yam Oxalis tuberosa
Onion Allium cepa
Parsnip Pastinaca sativa
Potato Solanum tuberosum
Salsify Tragopogon spp.
Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas
Tree/Egyptian Walking Onions Allium cepa var. proliferum
Welsh onion Allium fistulosum
Yacon Smallanthus sonchifolius
Yam Daisy Microseris scapigera

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7. Vertical Layer

Cantaloupe Cucumis melo reticulatus
Chokos Sechium edule
Climbing peas Pisum sativum
Coral Pea Hardenbergia violacea
Cucumbers Cucumis sativus
Grape -Sultana Vitis vinifera
Grapes Vitis spp
Honeydew Melon Cucumis melo inodorus
Honeysuckle (Blue-berried) Lonicera caerulea
Hops Humulus lupulus
Kiwi Berry / Hardy Kiwifruit Actinidia arguta
Kiwi fruit Actinidia spp
Malabar Spinach Basella alba ‘Rubra’
Maypop Passiflora incarnata
Nasturtium (Climbing) Tropaeolum majus
Passionfruit Passiflora edulis
Perennial bean (scarlet runner bean) Phaseolus coccineus
Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo
Soybean Glycine max
Squash Cucurbita
Sweet Potato (‘Bush Porto Rico’/’Centennial’) Ipomoea batatas
Watermelon Citrullus lanatus
Wild grape Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris
Zucchini Cucurbita pepo

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PASCOE VALE FOOD FOREST GARDEN PERMABLITZ DESIGN

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permablitz design

design for food forest garden


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Following a near death experience Fuchsia realised that life’s too short to be stuck in the office, a slave to money. You work all day to earn an income, because you work all day you don’t have anytime so you spend that income on things you could otherwise do yourself and collapse exhausted in front of the TV. So she cut down her work hours to spend her time on what she was truly passionate about: gardening and her radio show.

When she approached us for a design we thought, this is what Permablitz is all about: helping people become more self-sufficent because they need to in order to survive. One day it might not just be those on a shoestring budget who find there is no other alternative but to grow their on food…

…until then people like Fuchsia will be the trail blazers who light the way in darker times.

So please join us on August 31st 2013 in Pascoe Vale for this exciting Blitz. Check out the Permablitz website for more details and email Fuchsia to let her know you’re coming! Like it on facebook to spread the word!

Pascoe Vale Permablitz Summary

Mandala, keyhole gardens for large crops, compost and chicken rotation to improve soil e.g. corn, potatoes, cucurbits, companion herbs surround
Bananas in mulch pit irrigated with grey water piped from house. Plants like banana and bamboo don’t mind wet feet.


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Fuchsia has already done a lot of hard work in the garden, creating a beautiful pond which is the central element in our new design

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Pascoe Vale Permablitz Summary Continued

Subtropical plants around mulch pit e.g. cardamom, galangal, curry leaf, tamarillo
Swale mulch path for pond overflow and natural site runoff collection to replenish ground water
Relaxation area/fairy garden
Understorey of forest garden – perennials, self-seeders, nitrogen fixers, bird and insect attractors, shade tolerant, ground covers, non-compacting root systems, fast growing
Support shrubs interplanting – nitrogen fixers to support nutrient hungry fruit trees e.g. acacia, tagasaste
Mulch paths for drainage and inhibits weeds, will breakdown after a year to form compost for fruit trees
Deciduous trees, pruned to be open allowing light to plants below
Propagation area & greenhouse/shade house on concrete north facing and close to house
Additional no-dig raised garden beds for intensive vegetable production close to house
Fox proof chicken house and straw yard 1m off boundary fence to comply with council requirements
Chook run 1m wide along boundary fence, planted with chicken fodder e.g. comfrey, nasturtiums, mugwort, wormwood
Forest garden incorporating existing trees, when garden is established selected trees will be removed
Berried and vines to grow on chook run fence and boundary fences e.g. raspberries, grape, kiwi, passionfruit


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